在空氣污染、職業(yè)暴露、吸煙與被動吸煙等復雜因素的共同作用下，肺系疾病的發(fā)病率逐年上升，如肺癌、肺纖維化和支氣管哮喘等已成為全球公共衛(wèi)生的重大挑戰(zhàn)。由于這些疾病在老年群體多發(fā)及逐漸演變成慢性病的趨勢，迫切需要有效且不良反應小的治療方法，常見的化學藥如頭孢類抗菌藥物等多產(chǎn)生耐藥性，治療效果并不理想。中藥因其多靶點、多通路和安全性較高等特點得到高度重視。西紅花具有涼血解毒、活血化瘀和解郁安神的功效，現(xiàn)代研究表明西紅花在抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抗炎和抗氧化應激等方面具有藥理活性，對肺系疾病的防治具有多種作用機制，就西紅花及其活性成分的藥理作用和其活性成分在防治肺系疾病的作用機制進行總結，為后續(xù)研究和臨床應用提供思路。

Under the combined effects of complex factors such as air pollution, occupational exposure, smoking, and passive smoking, the incidence of pulmonary diseases has been increasing annually. Conditions such as lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and bronchial asthma have become major global public health challenges. Given the higher prevalence of these diseases among the elderly and their tendency to progress into chronic conditions, there is an urgent need for effective treatments with minimal adverse effects. Conventional chemical drugs, such as cephalosporin antibiotics, often lead to drug resistance and demonstrate limited therapeutic efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing attention due to its multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms and relatively high safety profile. Xihonghua (Croci Stigma) is known in TCM for its properties of cooling blood, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, resolving stasis, and alleviating depression to calm the mind. Modern research has demonstrated that Croci Stigma exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress effects, with multiple mechanisms of action in prevention and treatment of pulmonary diseases. This review summarizes pharmacological effects of Croci Stigma and its bioactive constituents, as well as their mechanisms in managing pulmonary diseases, aiming to provide insights for future research and clinical applications.

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山東省2022年研究生優(yōu)質(zhì)教育教學資源項目（SDYAL2022047）；2024年度山東省中醫(yī)藥科技資助項目（M20241739）；山東中醫(yī)藥大學青年科研創(chuàng)新團隊（2020-54-19）中醫(yī)藥經(jīng)典理論教育部重點實驗室2023年開放課題；山東省高等學校“青創(chuàng)人才引育計劃”-中醫(yī)經(jīng)典腎臟象理論及主骨生髓生物學機制研究創(chuàng)新團隊