目的 針對黃芩Scutellaria baicalensis黃酮類化合物水溶性不佳的問題，探索合理的解決策略。方法 通過變換溶劑類型，分別選用甲醇、乙醇、水及75%乙醇作為提取溶劑，采用超聲輔助技術提取黃芩飲片中的有效成分。利用冷場發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡（scanning electron microscope，SEM）觀察不同溶劑所得提取物的微觀結構，通過紫外分光光度法與標準曲線法對黃芩飲片中黃芩黃酮進行定量分析。進一步采用¹H-NMR法明確組裝體中主要化合物的結構。通過自組裝與物理交聯(lián)技術，制備了黃芩黃酮調控結構的水凝膠，利用SEM對比分析了基底水凝膠與黃芩黃酮復合水凝膠的形貌特征。采用流變學方法評估了2類水凝膠的流變性能，同時運用紅外光譜技術分析了相互作用方式。通過溶脹性測試和緩釋性能測試實驗，分別探究了復合水凝膠中黃芩黃酮的調控作用和釋放行為，并利用自由基清除實驗評估了黃芩黃酮調控水凝膠的抗氧化性能。結果 在超聲輔助提取過程中，黃芩黃酮展現(xiàn)出與溶劑種類及超聲功率密切相關的自組裝特性。殼聚糖弱酸溶液（pH 3.0～3.5）的引入，顯著提升了黃芩黃酮的溶解度，并通過氫鍵作用實現(xiàn)了對高分子網(wǎng)絡結構的濃度相關性調控。隨著黃芩黃酮質量濃度的增加，水凝膠的網(wǎng)絡結構變得更加致密且均勻，比表面積增大，孔隙尺寸介于微米與亞微米之間，這一結構特征有效延長了黃芩黃酮的釋放時間。釋放出的黃芩黃酮表現(xiàn)出高效的自由基清除能力，制備的水凝膠敷料能夠顯著促進大鼠慢性炎癥傷口愈合。結論 展示了黃芩黃酮提取過程中的溶劑效應，為合理選擇提取溶劑提供了依據(jù)；提供了制備結構可調控水凝膠敷料的方法，為提高中藥活性成分的生物利用度及設計高性能止血水凝膠敷料提供了理論基礎。

Objective Exploring an effective method to tackle the poor water solubility of Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis) flavonoids is necessary. Methods We conducted an extraction of S. baicalensis slices flavonoids using four different solvents: methanol, ethanol, water, and 75% ethanol, all assisted by ultrasonication. To observe the morphological structures of the extracts obtained with these solvents, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed. For quantitative analysis of the flavonoids from S. baicalensis slices, we utilized ultraviolet spectrophotometry in conjunction with the standard curve method. The structural analysis of the main compounds in the extracts was performed using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy . Furthermore, we prepared hydrogels with controlled structures incorporating flavonoids through self-assembly and physical crosslinking techniques. The morphologies of both the plain hydrogel and the flavonoid-incorporated composite hydrogel were analyzed using SEM. Rheological assessments were performed to evaluate the rheological properties of these two types of hydrogels. To gain insights into the interactions within the hydrogels, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied. Additionally, we conducted the release behavior of flavonoids from the composite hydrogel. To assess the antioxidant properties of the hydrogel regulated by flavonoids, free radical scavenging experiments were also performed. Results During ultrasound-assisted extraction, the flavonoids from S. baicalensis exhibited self-assembly behavior dependent on solvent type and ultrasonic power. Dissolution was notably enhanced in chitosan (CS) weak acid solution (pH 3.0—3.5). Through hydrogen bonding interactions, we achieved concentration-dependent structural regulation of the polymer network. As the concentration of flavonoids increased, both the network density and uniformity of the resulting hydrogel improved, accompanied by an increase in its specific surface area. Observed pore sizes from micro- to submicron scale prolonged the release of encapsulated flavonoids. Furthermore, the released flavonoids exhibited a high capacity for free radical scavenging, and the prepared hydrogel dressing can significantly promoted the healing of chronic inflammatory wounds in rats. Conclusion This work demonstrates the solvent effect in the extraction process of traditional Chinese medicines, providing a basis for the rational selection of extraction solvents. Moreover, it presents a method for preparing hydrogel dressings with controllable structures, offering a useful theoretical foundation for enhancing the bioavailability of flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicines and designing high-performance hemostatic hydrogel dressings.

R283.6

國家自然科學基金資助（22405231）；河南省自然科學基金資助（2300420388）；河南省大學生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓計劃（202410477039）；河南省大學生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓計劃（202410477041）；南湖青年學者計劃（202509）；河南省高等學校重點科研項目（25B350006）