空間代謝組學(xué)作為代謝組學(xué)領(lǐng)域的前沿技術(shù)，通過(guò)整合質(zhì)譜成像與代謝組學(xué)分析，打破了傳統(tǒng)代謝組學(xué)無(wú)法保留組織空間信息的局限性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了代謝物空間分布特征的原位可視化，為解析中藥成分的動(dòng)態(tài)分布規(guī)律及代謝通路提供了技術(shù)支撐。通過(guò)概述空間代謝組學(xué)在中藥藥理毒理機(jī)制研究中的相關(guān)應(yīng)用，以揭示該技術(shù)在中藥研究領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用潛力。基于基質(zhì)輔助激光解吸電離質(zhì)譜成像、解吸電噴霧電離質(zhì)譜成像等質(zhì)譜成像技術(shù)，直觀展現(xiàn)出中藥成分在靶器官中的分布特征及其代謝調(diào)控途徑，闡釋中藥在治療腫瘤、心腦血管疾病、肝病及其他炎癥相關(guān)疾病中的藥理作用機(jī)制；利用質(zhì)譜成像技術(shù)對(duì)中藥毒性成分進(jìn)行空間定位，并動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)中藥炮制減毒的代謝網(wǎng)絡(luò)，為中藥安全性評(píng)價(jià)提供了新維度。盡管面臨樣品制備復(fù)雜、絕對(duì)定量困難等局限性，空間代謝組學(xué)與人工智能、多模態(tài)組學(xué)技術(shù)的深度融合，將推動(dòng)中藥研究從“宏觀整體”向“精準(zhǔn)時(shí)空”轉(zhuǎn)變，推動(dòng)中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代化。

Spatial metabolomics, as a cutting-edge technology in the field of metabolomics, breaks the limitation of traditional metabolomics that cannot obtain spatial information of tissues by integrating mass spectrometry imaging and metabolomics analysis, and realises the in situ visualization of the spatial distribution characteristics of metabolites, which provides technological support for analyzing the dynamic distribution and metabolic pathways of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components. By outlining the relevant applications of spatial metabolomics in the study of pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of TCM, in order to reveal the potential application of this technology in the field of TCM research. Based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging, desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging and other mass spectrometry imaging technologies, the distribution characteristics and metabolic pathways of TCM components in target organs are visually presented, and the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM in treatment of tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseases and inflammation related diseases are elucidated. The use of mass spectrometry imaging technology for spatial localization of toxic components in TCM and dynamic monitoring of the metabolic network for reducing toxicity in TCM processing provides new perspectives for the safety evaluation of TCM. Despite the limitations of complex sample preparation and absolute quantification, the deep integration of spatial metabolomics, artificial intelligence and multimodal omics technology will promote the transformation of TCM research from “macro integration” to “precise time and space”, and promote the modernization of TCM.

R285

國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局高水平中醫(yī)藥重點(diǎn)學(xué)科建設(shè)項(xiàng)目（zyyzdxk-2023121）；山東省中醫(yī)藥高層次人才培育項(xiàng)目-學(xué)科帶頭人（2023）；重慶市技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用發(fā)展專項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目（CSTB2024TIAD-LCX0001）