巴利森類物質(zhì)是天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma的主要有效成分，屬于多酚類或多酚苷類的檸檬酸酯化合物，具有保護(hù)神經(jīng)、改善記憶、保護(hù)心肌、抗衰老、抗炎、抗腫瘤等藥理作用。隨著化學(xué)分離、分析手段的不斷創(chuàng)新，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)與藥理學(xué)方法應(yīng)用于天麻中巴利森類物質(zhì)的研究，目前已有39種巴利森類化學(xué)成分被相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)并深入研究。巴利森類化合物的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)中含有酯鍵和糖苷鍵，化學(xué)性質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，容易受溫度、pH值、酶和輔料等因素影響，在體內(nèi)、外均可被分解為天麻素和對(duì)羥基苯甲醇等小分子成分。巴利森類物質(zhì)和天麻素均是天麻的活性成分，具有密切的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。基于巴利森類化合物的化學(xué)特殊性、藥效的獨(dú)特性，通過(guò)查閱國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)，對(duì)天麻中巴利森類物質(zhì)的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)、藥理作用、體內(nèi)外代謝相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)，為巴利森類物質(zhì)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用研究及挖掘天麻藥用和食用價(jià)值提供較為全面的文獻(xiàn)支撐。

Parishins compounds are the primary active constituents in Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), belonging to citric acid ester compounds of polyphenols or polyphenol glycosides. They exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects, including neuroprotection, memory enhancement, myocardial protection, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. The continuous innovation of separation and analytical techniques, as well as the application of modern scientific technologies and pharmacological methods are used for the chemical and pharmacological research of parishins in Gastrodiae Rhizoma. 39 kinds of parishins chemical compounds have been discovered and deeply studied to date. Due to their inherent chemical structural characteristics (containing ester and glycosidic bonds), parishins substances are chemically unstable and susceptible to degradation influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, enzymes, and excipients. They can be decomposed into smaller molecules such as gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol both in vivo and in vitro. Both parishins and gastrodin are the primary active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma, sharing a close intrinsic relationship. This article reviews domestic and international literature on parishins substances in Gastrodiae Rhizoma, summarizing their chemical structures, pharmacological effects, and research progress on their metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The aim is to provide comprehensive literature support for the study of parishin-like substances and to explore the medicinal and edible value of Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

R285

湖北省中央引導(dǎo)地方科技發(fā)展專項(xiàng)（2020ZYYD030）