天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma已有兩千多年的藥用及食用歷史，是一種名貴的藥食同源中藥。多糖作為天麻中重要的活性成分之一，具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、抑菌、抑制腫瘤、增強(qiáng)免疫、改善記憶、治療心腦血管疾病、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病、緩解非酒精性脂肪肝、緩解骨質(zhì)疏松、調(diào)節(jié)腸道微生物等功效，在食品、功能性食品、醫(yī)藥和化妝品領(lǐng)域有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。通過中國知網(wǎng)、Web of Science等數(shù)據(jù)庫查閱國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)，分析當(dāng)前天麻多糖的研究現(xiàn)狀及熱點(diǎn)；綜述天麻多糖的提取純化、結(jié)構(gòu)表征、結(jié)構(gòu)修飾、藥理活性及其在食品、保健品、藥品、化妝品等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展，為天麻多糖的深入研究和廣泛應(yīng)用提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) boasts a history of over two thousand years for both medicinal and edible purposes, representing a precious dual-purpose medicinal and edible herb. Polysaccharides, as one of its key bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, immune-enhancing, memory-improving activities, along with therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurological disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, and the regulation of gut microbiota. Consequently, they hold promising application prospects in the fields of food, functional foods, medicine, and cosmetics. This review analyzes the current research status and hotspots concerning Gastrodia elata polysaccharides by examining domestic and international literature retrieved from databases such as CNKI and Web of Science. It further summarizes recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, structural modification, and pharmacological activities of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides, as well as their applications in food, health products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth research and broader utilization of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides.

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陜西省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)項(xiàng)目（2025NC-YBXM-308）；陜西省教育廳重點(diǎn)科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目（23JY017）；陜西理工大學(xué)“市校共建”科研專項(xiàng)（SXC-2301）；陜西理工大學(xué)科研項(xiàng)目（SLGRCQD045）