在新一代腫瘤疾病的免疫治療方法中，腫瘤免疫微環(huán)境（tumor immune microenvironment，TIME）發(fā)揮著重要作用。腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展不僅與腫瘤細胞自身特性相關，也依賴于其所處微環(huán)境中不同細胞和細胞因子的支持，其中免疫細胞在TIME中起著關鍵作用。在正常情況下，免疫細胞可以在免疫監(jiān)測過程中識別和抑制新生的腫瘤細胞生長，但在腫瘤免疫編輯過程中，免疫細胞會發(fā)生免疫抑制，形成腫瘤免疫抑制微環(huán)境，干擾免疫系統(tǒng)正常的監(jiān)視和效應功能，從而促進腫瘤的增殖和逃逸。多項研究表明，中醫(yī)藥能夠從多個方面調(diào)控TIME，調(diào)節(jié)機體免疫水平及免疫細胞活性，改善機體免疫抑制狀態(tài)，從而達到防治腫瘤的作用。系統(tǒng)總結TIME在腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中的內(nèi)在機制，探討中醫(yī)藥調(diào)控TIME防治腫瘤的相關作用機制，以期為深入探尋腫瘤的發(fā)病機制及中醫(yī)藥防治策略提供新的視角和思路。

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an important role in the new generation of immunotherapy for cancer diseases. The occurrence and development of tumors are not only related to the characteristics of tumor cells themselves, but also depend on the support of different cells and cytokines in their microenvironment, among which immune cells play a key role in TIME. Under normal circumstances, immune cells can recognize and inhibit the growth of nascent tumor cells in the process of immune surveillance. However, in the process of tumor immune editing, immune cells will undergo immunosuppression and form a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, which interferes with the normal surveillance and effector functions of the immune system, thereby promoting tumor proliferation and escape. A number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the TIME, the immune level and the activity of immune cells from many aspects, and improve the immunosuppressive state of the body, so as to achieve the role of tumor prevention and treatment. This article systematically summarizes the internal mechanism of TIME in the occurrence and development of tumors, and discusses the related mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating TIME in the prevention and treatment of tumors, in order to provide new perspectives and ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of tumors and the prevention and treatment strategies of traditional Chinese medicine.

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國家自然科學基金資助項目（82460925，81160882）；甘肅省科技重大專項基金項目（22ZD1FA001）；甘肅省聯(lián)合研究基金重大項目（23JRRA1530）；蘭州市科技計劃項目（2025-2-3）；甘肅省“銀齡專家工作室”（[2025] 4號）；中醫(yī)藥高層次人才工作室建設項目（甘科協(xié)[2021]125號）；甘肅省科技廳重點研發(fā)計劃項目（24YFFA067）；甘肅省組織部隴原青年人才項目（002104002）